A Neoapocalyptic Adventist Faith
Have you seen George Knight's new book, The Apocalyptic Vision and the Neutering of Adventism? (2008, Review & Herald Publishing Association) Several times recently I have been among a group of pastors when copies of the book were passed out. It never fails to get a mixed reaction among those who have not yet read it. Some immediately feel like, "here we go again" and perceive it as one more attempt to breath new life into tired, old ideas. Others jump to the conclusion that Dr. Knight must have lost his marbles in his old age. Still others are delighted at the hint that maybe his (intellectual) big gun is no longer trained on their cherished beliefs.
Be careful about jumping to any kind of conclusion. Read the book. It may be one of the most important recently published by the Adventist Church.
Knight refers to his own personal journey, as he has in other writing. He has a personal connection with many kinds of Adventists. He's been an unchurched agnostic (pre Adventist), a perfectionist, a "cultural Adventist," and an Evangelical. He has a PhD from a secular university and has studied and written about philosophy, history and theology. He has been a successful academic author outside of Adventist circles.
Here is the bottom line of the book: Knight defends the apocalyptic vision that has been at the heart of the Adventist movement from the beginning. He makes a powerful case from history that to shed that vision is to commit a kind of spiritual and cultural suicide as a movement. And he condemns the "beastly preaching" rut that we have fallen into. He demands a rethinking of the vision.
He genuinely wants it both ways! By the time this book actually gets read, everybody in Adventism will find good reasons to hate Knight. He is a retired, revered figure. He probably won't get invited to speak for the union presidents meeting ever again, but he's at that point in life where he can point out the elephant in the room, speak truth to power and go home to enjoy his grand kids. He is in a position to know--better than almost anyone alive--and he has the tools to see reality and be honest about it.
OK, I have massive respect for the man. But, I confess when I first saw the title of the book, I wondered what was happening with him. Before you decide to pass this volume by, please read this quote from pages 104 and 105:
Our times need to hear ... a neoapocalyptic message that brings hope in Christ not only as the saving Lamb of God but as the returning Lion of Judah, who will not only feed the hungry but abolish hunger, and who will not only comfort the grieving but eradicate death. The world has not only suffered too long but continues to suffer in spite of humanity's best efforts. Neoapocalypticism is the preaching of the ultimate hope that puts all other hopes in the shade. ...Bible-oriented apocalypticism is not an exercise in bashing other churches, or fear-mongering, or encouraging people to live from one period of eschatological excitement to the next. ... Neoapocalypticism centers on Christ from first to last, presents responsible daily living as the path of the faithful as they joyfully await their Lord from heaven, and realizes that there is nothing more relevant than the coming of Christ, who will restore all things to their rightful place.
Neoapocalypticism's motivational force is love rather than fear. Its focal pint is the future rather than the past. ... it builds solidly upon understandings of the Bible that have informed Christians throughout the centuries, but also employs twenty-first-century events and dynamics to explain the progress of history as it moves towards it inevitable climax. ... It is respectful of the past but willing to move beyond it.
Jesus the hope of the world is neoapocalypticism in a nutshell. ... the Christ ... who forever encourages each of us to choose life over death, love over selfishness, and God over Satan.
Knight stops there. He hints at what I am going to do next, but he is a theologian and a historian. I am an activist pastor and an analyst of the contemporary scene. Let me draw this to a specific point particularly relevant to today's young adults.
This is the kind of apocalyptic vision that leads directly to a discipleship of social action, a witness of social justice. If you are waiting impatiently for a returning Christ who will abolish hunger, then when He comes, He better find you feeding the hungry. Jesus makes this very point in Matthew 25 in a parable about the final judgment. Does it need to be spelled out any more clearly?
- Monte Sahlin's blog
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![]() | Monte Sahlin | Monte Sahlin is an ordained Seventh-day Adventist
minister, community organizer and social analyst. He
currently serves as director of research and special projects for the Ohio Conference, and chairman of the board for the Center for Creative Ministry and
the Center for Metropolitan Ministry. Sahlin is the author of 20 books, more
than 50 research monographs and many journal articles. His latest book, Mission
in Metropolis reports extensive research and more than 40 experimental
ministries by Adventists in urban, postmodern contexts. He is an associate
faculty member in the Tony Campolo Graduate
School at Eastern
University and an adjunct faculty
member in the Doctor of Ministry program at Andrews University.
|


Comments
Re: A Neoapocalyptic Adventist Faith
You write:
..."He probably won't get invited to speak for the union presidents meeting ever again, but he's at that point in life where he can point out the elephant in the room, speak truth to power and go home to enjoy his grand kids. He is in a position to know--better than almost anyone alive--and he has the tools to see reality and be honest about it. "
What do you think these leaders would have against his book, because he talks against beastly preaching? I have not noticed the SDA church as a denomination putting up those anti-Catholic billboards, and even prophecy seminars are a whole lot different then the Beastly preaching of years ago.
No this book is entirely in line with the prevailing thoughts of the Adventist leadership. That is Adventist eschatology and historicism are completely right. We can all hold on to the Pre-Advent Judgment and Ellen White and traditional Adventism. Just try to not preach against other Christian churches as much remember that everything revolves around Jesus. (Actually that was a mixed message because he speaks against other churches as liberals who have left Christianity while at the same time decrying beastly preaching. But even that is totally consistent with todays Denominational leadership.)
Re: A Neoapocalyptic Adventist Faith
Monte: This is a great piece. Your first paragraph confirms from your own experience George Knight's central thesis: Many of our pastors and teachers are uncomfortable, and in some cases unfamiliar, with Adventism's traditional apocalyptic message. Many would like to jettison the message that Jesus is coming again, soon, to end this world and take us to heaven. Instead, they want to preach peace, comfort and security in this world, an anti-biblical but soothing message they believe to be more agreeable to their parishioners. The apocalyptic gives urgency not just to feeding the hungry, clothing the poor, comforting the afflicted, but to every other Christian duty, including spreading the gospel. Without it, the healthy outward focus degenerates into inward navel gazing and stagnation.
Re: A Neoapocalyptic Adventist Faith
I think what bothers me about the Adventist apocalyptic vision is its basic reductionism. It essentially passes over the trillions of people who have ever lived in this world, over the untold number of conflicts over values, interests and priorities between and within nations, ethnicities, religions, sexes, etc, and basically says something like "all you really need to know is to keep the Sabbath, observe the health laws, and you'll be ready for Jesus to come and basically blow the whole earth and mankind project up and start over again with people like us."
There doesn't seem to be any real attempt to grapple with the complexities of life and society's many and varied differences over time and space. In a way it seems to promise a sort of short cut to get us into that world "where there will be no more tears, no more death", etc, without actually making us try to learn to bring that kind of world about. The essential problem I think mankind faces is the ability to get along together with our differences while at the same time trying to ensure that people are allowed some basic kind of justice and dignity. And I don't really see where Adventist apocalyptic seriously considers that.
Re: A Neoapocalyptic Adventist Faith
Re: A Neoapocalyptic Adventist Faith
Good work, Monte. George is refining his message as the years go by. His plea for revisiting Adventist focus on the end-times and our responsibility during these interesting time is something that he and others note with regret. We have been in recent years, as Bull and Lockhart pointed out in Seeking a Sanctuary, almost anestetized toward "preparing a people to meet the Lord in our day." A growing emphasis favors "we don't know when He will return" and so let's us just "occupy till He comes." Another group emphasizes, in some mystical way, that everyone is ready for heaven, if they "accept" the evangelical position that Jesus died and forgives our sin for accepting that fact. Somehow, as George points out, we must revisit the Adventist appeal to honest seekers everywhere that character transformation is the other half of the gospel equation. Now, even making note of that fact, will show that George's topic requires more than passing interest. Cheers, Herb
Re: A Neoapocalyptic Adventist Faith
Re: A Neoapocalyptic Adventist Faith
Re: A Neoapocalyptic Adventist Faith
Re: A Neoapocalyptic Adventist Faith
Re: A Neoapocalyptic Adventist Faith
To: Monte
Re: being the magic button of healing
I think Sari Fordham makes much this same point in her essay on what it means to be Adventist (in particular, her response to Larry Kirkpatrick's essay in the same issue).
Re: A Neoapocalyptic Adventist Faith
On June 12th, 2009 Monte Sahlin says: Bill, have you read Revelation 21? Does it not say very explicitly that Jesus will bring about "a new earth where there is no more suffering or death"? I have never heard or read any Adventist preacher who disconnects this from personal salvation. In fact, the last parable in Matthew 25 strongly implies that those who do not see the connection, eschew the "social gospel" for an emphasis on personal salvation alone, will be in the lake of fire.
Reply: Actually, there is no such thing as "corporate salvation". Each of us are "saved" individually and "personally" or not at all.
This reality seems to elude many who hope that by being connected to some instrumentality, they will somehow be saved.
Yes, individuals join together for the sake of effeciency in witnessing. This is commendable. But does not imply corporate salvation for any individual who has joined the group.
Each person is a "church" in themselves and will be judged accordingly.
Not until the 3rd coming will Jesus create a new heavens and a new earth. The second coming is not for the purpose of a creating some perfect social order where all the world problems will be solved.
Some SDA evangelists do not carefully make this point clear in their presentations which they should do to avoid confusion when many look for a thousand years of peace and prosperity at the second coming.
We need to be very definitive in what and how we present the SDA understanding of this issue.
Bill Sorensen
Re: A Neoapocalyptic Adventist Faith
Monte: I wouldn't say they're one and the same thing. Good works will never save anyone, nor is that the teaching of Matthew 25. But those who know they are saved by grace will model that grace to others, often in the form of meeting people's physical needs (such as food and clothes).
Re: A Neoapocalyptic Adventist Faith
Re: A Neoapocalyptic Adventist Faith
I appreciate the high level of discussion. I don't think Monte means that the social gospel is the main purpose of the Christian church in any age. I have no idea what is meant by "doctrinal absolutism" in Adventism. All I know is that the NT refers to our Lord's second coming and His church's responsibility, in the last days (for there will always be "last days") is to prepare people everywhere to be translated, not merely to live ten years longer. And the NT is explicit about the people God expects to welcome into His new earth. That is the metanarrative, that is the world-view of the NT. Is that what is meant by "doctrinal absolutism"? Cheers, Herb
Re: A Neoapocalyptic Adventist Faith
Hi Dr. Douglass,
What I mean is I don't know what, or who, Knight is writing against. He seems to think Adventism is (at the local church level, globally, nationally?) soft-pedaling its traditional, end-time prophetic message. But which Adventists, if any, are doing this? Organizations such as Amazing Facts and It Is Written are still engaged in traditional SDA evangelism on a continual basis, not to mention individuals such as Kenneth Cox, David Asscherick, among others, all of whom get wide exposure on 3ABN and dwell at considerable length on Daniel and Revelation. If Knight is worried about the stagnation of Adventism in North America (a valid concern) I don't think the issue is a failure of the church to highlight its distinctive, end-time apocalyptic prophecies. Maybe Knight has in mind some of his academic colleagues, whom he may believe are less than enthusiastic about traditional SDA interpretations or priorities. But Adventist scholars are not, by and large, in the business of evangelism. So if Adventism is stagnating in North America, either the problem lies in its evangelistic outreaches, or in its failure to retain its second, third and fourth generation cohorts.
Re: A Neoapocalyptic Adventist Faith
Glenn: You talk sense. I too think that George should be more specific as to whom he is referring to. I think he is bouncing off many churches where they never hear a sermon on why the Second Advent has been delayed, or,what kind of people will receive the "latter rain," or "loud cry," etc. Of course, that is Adventist shorthand that was once common stuff in church media and preaching. If we leave it up to the evangelists, we are kidding ourselves; they can't get into very many specifics in the short campaigns of today. If young preachers are not trained on specific Adventist topics that make us last-day messengers of God's final appeal, pray tell, how would new and old church members know why they even exist. The seventh-day Sabbath surely becomes only a social day for maintaining old friendships. What do you think? Cheers, Herb
Re: A Neoapocalyptic Adventist Faith
Glennsprings says......."Organizations such as Amazing Facts and It Is Written are still engaged in traditional SDA evangelism on a continual basis, not to mention individuals such as Kenneth Cox, David Asscherick, among others, all of whom get wide exposure on 3ABN and dwell at considerable length on Daniel and Revelation."
Reply: Did you notice that the ministries are for the main part independent ministries and not "officially" sponsored SDA ministries? As ministers, they may draw their personal pay from the church, but not their evangelism. And this is only a small number of independent ministries. Jeff Reich, John Carter and the list is almost endless of individuals not sponsored by the denomination. Some are liberal like John Carter, but most are mainline conservatives who basically defend and uphold the traditional doctrines with a conservative application and interpretation in practical spirituality.
John Osborne, the Standish brothers, John and Marshall Grosboll and a host of others. No, the conferences have few if any evangelists anymore and evangelism is "outside" the organized church for the most part.
George Knight's concerns are legitmate and real. The "social gospel" is the main focus of organized Adventism.
Bill Sorensen
Re: A Neoapocalyptic Adventist Faith
Bill certainly can not be ignored. He is drilling a little deeper. Conferences are outsourcing their evangelism needs to Amazing Facts evangelists, for the most part, because they seem to produce wide-awake, baptism-ready, candidates. They expend a lot of energy in doing personal Bible work during their meetings. Relationship-evangelism is their over-riding passion. The flip side is that the regular pastor no longer functions like pastor-evangelists did for the past century. That would require another column by Monte. Bill has plenty of reasons to note the social gospel emphasis in that many sermons he hears, probably, are generic Sunday sermons on Saturday. Cheers, Herb
Re: A Neoapocalyptic Adventist Faith
Well, I'm not sure how independent AF and IIW are. They're run by SDA pastors, they baptize people, or are responsible for having people baptized, into the SDA church, they work in cooperation with SDA churches, etc.
In any event, what the person in the pew sees is an SDA evangelistic series sponsored by his or her SDA church, in which the apocalyptic prophecies are given a central place. And to the extent that organizations like AF and IIW (and others) are considered or thought of as independent, that seems to me to be a sign of vitality, not a cause for concern. Some form of independent support--if that is what is meant by independent--indicates that the church's mission and message is not overly dependent on a central bureacracy in Silver Spring.
My overall point being, again, any book that suggests that the SDA apocalyptic message is being, or is danger of being, neutured, should at some point address how SDA evangelism is actually being conducted in SDA churches throughout the country or around the world.
Having said all of this, I count myself a big George Knight fan. I've read and enjoyed many of his numerous books on Adventist history as well as the many Bible commentary volumes he edited or wrote himself, first in the form of the Amplified Bible series (which apparently was discontinued) as well as the more recent series he seems to be writing himself. The SDA church is lucky to have him.
Re: A Neoapocalyptic Adventist Faith
Re: A Neoapocalyptic Adventist Faith
Re: A Neoapocalyptic Adventist Faith
In the end I didn't actually see Knight hinting at feeding the hungry, but rather emphasizing the preaching--Jesus' "primary ministry". Knight writes about "proper balance", but I came away thinking social justice is not nearly as important to him. Of course he refers to Ellen here and her admonition to focus on the apocalyptic because other Christians are taking care of the humanitarian.(Could it ever be taken care of? All the more reason to join the effort, to me..)
I'm probably unbalanced the other way: the sheep and the goats and the least of these in Matthew 25 looms very large to me; the Dorothy Days and GM Hopkins' "...for Christ plays in ten thousand places . . . throught the features of men's faces." I'm glad time has given me an appreciation for this, because I didn't catch (or maybe, simply heed) the social gospel vision growing up in the church. (And yet, as much as the social gospel speaks to me, I'm undoubtedly more goat than sheep.)
Another thought . . . People don't often catch the apocalyptic vision preached at the one time of the year at evangelistic meetings, because these meetings are in the evenings and very few members attend.(Though I witnessed my pastor skillfully and very clearly preach the 2300 day prophecy the other night in our current Share Him crusade.)
It does seem that more and more of us joke about the 28, the beasts, the Remnant, etc. with an attitude of knowing a better way to believe and worship. And even though I sometimes agree, I still find myself turned off by the arrogance, wondering why they seem to be trying to change Adventism instead of leaving it.
Kevin Worth (P.S. Hi Glenn!)
Re: A Neoapocalyptic Adventist Faith
Monte,
It has been years since I have seen you, I really appreciate your comments and insight, as someone who lives in the world of Social Justice and Community Service every day, I understand what God desires us to be doing every day until He returns!! I only wish our Leaders would! Well, God will raise up men and women who will act in these last days!
Re: A Neoapocalyptic Adventist Faith
I am enriched by the various perceptions, all concerned with the validity of the Adventist Church today. Many ways to suggest a relevance, but it seems to me,until we remember why our church began in the first place, in the middle of the nineteenth century, we will never, never, have a reason to stick together, unless we are hungry for a social club that meets on Saturday morning.
I think that is why George wrote this book. We were not to become another church. We were and are a Movement and its job is to run out of business as fast as possible. Our mission is twofold: to prepare the world for the return of Jesus and to prepare a people from that big world for His eternal kingdom. Everything else unfolds from that double mission. Cheers, Herb
Re: A Neoapocalyptic Adventist Faith
Re: A Neoapocalyptic Adventist Faith
Richard L. Noel, DMD
Herb, it is true that the conferences are outsourcing because they have become only what Monte has called "utilities". They are no longer leaders in anything significant. Sadly they are the worst at encouraging open honest-hearted dependence on the Bible as the way of Christ. They have become defenders of the status quo. Is it any wonder that they are failing spiritually and financially. Some have even degenerated into what I would call a conspiracy against the Holy Spirit by their opposition to Bible Study and to following the promises of God by enforcing the dictates of the denomination.
Re: A Neoapocalyptic Adventist Faith
Re: A Neoapocalyptic Adventist Faith
Re: A Neoapocalyptic Adventist Faith
Bill, the only evangelistic ministry in your list that is an independent ministry is 3ABN. Amazing Facts is a ministry of the Northern California Conference. It Is Written is a ministry of the North American Division of the General Conference. Kenneth Cox may be officially on retired status (I don't know.) but he has a long and distinguished career as an evangelist employed and supported by the denomination. The other individuals have a variety of status; some hold credentials from the denomination, some are lay members and some are no longer part of the Adventist Church. There are scores of individuals among the Adventist clergy who consider their primary calling as evangelism and many of them spend a significant amount of ther time, if not all of it, in public evangelism. They may not be as visible as certain individuals and they may not embrace controversial issues in the way that some do, but that does not make them less effective as evangelists. In fact, there is some evidence it makes them more effective.
I think you misunderstand the way the denomination deals with the work of evangelists. I started in the ministry nearly 40 years ago at the Voice of Prophecy, the most venerable of Adventist evangelism organizations. At that time (and according to Howard Weeks' doctoral dissertation since 1946) evangelists were loaned from conference to conference to enable them to be used more widely than just one local conference. This "loaning" procedure provides pastors and congregations with a much wider set of resources to choose from. It continues to this day with little change. This procedure may also give the appearance that the evangelists involved are independent ministers and not regular denominational employees. Despite appearances, that simply is not true.
Re: A Neoapocalyptic Adventist Faith
Re: A Neoapocalyptic Adventist Faith
Bill: I am puzzled by your use of "unconditional election." I think I know but I want to be sure. Your point that many of our churches don't hear distinctive Adventist sermons, emphasizing the distinctive mission and message for which we exist, is an observation that many are making.
Some ask, why? Many ask also, why don't ministers trained at the Seminary emphasize the timely and most relevant issues that determine the direction of the church in "these last days?"
Others opine that the Adventism is a movement and not another church. They say that Adventists have only a double reason for existence: to prepare the world for the return of Jesus and to prepare a people to be translated (always will be a last generation).
This double vision/purpose is built on a sound biblio-historical foundation. Many note that the Advent has been sadly delayed (as the Bible predicted it would be, but not of God's design) and that a recognition of why the delay should be the number one iten on the Adventist agenda.
I would like Monte to give us another blog on what Jesus must be waiting for, in terms of Peter's appeal (2 Peter 3:11-14). I know he can do it. Cheers, Herb
Re: A Neoapocalyptic Adventist Faith
My reply: Unconditional election is a subtle error. It assumes "the church" is infallible, even if the individual is not. So an individual could be lost by seperation from "the church", but the church itself must necessarily succeed.
It assumes God will not let "the church" fail. While our historic message is biblical and "infallible", "the church" is not. If and when the church abandons the message, it eventually becomes the antichrist and takes the place of Christ in the minds of the people. The people are intimidated by "the church" and fear loseing their salvation if they challenge the church on spiritual issues that are salvational. Thus, people sit in the pew, knowing what is happening is wrong, but won't challenge what they know is error especially if they are threatened in any way by "the church."
So they tolerate the celebration movement in the church, even if they don't agree with it and oppose it. With this attiude, "the church" must necessarily fail unless and until enough people say "enough is enough" and demand accountability of the leadership on every level.
This probably won't happen. More likely, "the church" will fail and truth will continue on another level as it always has in the past. The Sabbath issue will eventually create a final seperation. And most will follow "the church" they have learned to worship in the place of Jesus and His truth.
Bill
Re: A Neoapocalyptic Adventist Faith
Re: A Neoapocalyptic Adventist Faith
Reply........How we relate to "the church" will depend at least to some degree on how "the church" has related to us. And this will also influence how we interpret the bible and how we see Jesus and His ministry to the Jews. As long as you can "function" without any serious threat to your own influence and ministry, you will not take seriously the possibility that the church can or will fail. To you, it is probably more of a remote possibility than a real threat of significant importance. If you take a dynamic personal stand on any issue that challenges the church, and demand accountability on what ever level of authority you have, you will soon "hear the dragon roar" and it won't be Rome. So, Herb, you interpret the bible in a way that allows you the freedom to exclude the SDA church. I interpret the bible in a way that makes Adventism inclusive in a real dynamic way and makes her a candidate to be the final antichrist. Such an idea is beyond the ken of most workers for the church and members as well. But if "the church" is to succeed, it can only do so, if such an idea is not only a real possibility, but a concluding fact unless "the church" accepts this as a reality and acts accordingly. If not, "the church" will necessarily fail and the idea of "unconditional election" for the church makes any real dynamic repentance an impossibility. Can the Jews as a nation repent? NO. Can Rome repent? NO. Can Adventism repent? NO. All because of the same reason. Unconditional election of the church. And for this reason, every evil is tolerated and advocated with no possibility of any dynamic reform. Pluralism is accepted and promoted. No need to repent. "I'm OK, you're OK" just don't challenge "the church" and warn of final failure and apostacy. Bill
Re: A Neoapocalyptic Adventist Faith
Re: A Neoapocalyptic Adventist Faith
Re: A Neoapocalyptic Adventist Faith
Re: A Neoapocalyptic Adventist Faith
Re: A Neoapocalyptic Adventist Faith
How do we view the church's role in society? Unless "the church" presents a standard that is in harmony with the bible instead of people and their individual spirituality, the church can not represent Christ nor His message or His kingdom principles.
Meaning this, people may do many things in their private lives that can not be endorsed and supported by the church. So, people may drink coffee, tea, and/or cola drinks and still be Christians on some level.
They may attend movie theaters, or watch movies on TV at home that the church can not approve or endorse. They may do things on the Sabbath not approved by the church. We could list many things people do in their private lives as church members that the church can not approve nor endorse.
When "the church" abandons its role as the high standard bearer and patronizes sin for the sake of numbers and/or popularity, it is in the process of committing the unpardonable sin. Adventism, in the name of "the gospel" has abandon its God given role to uphold and maintain this high spiritual standard and has lowered the norm of true spirituality so low, that no one can or will be shut out of heaven because of sin.
Repentance is not necessary for acceptance nor a qualification to be ready for Jesus to come. We preach to the world. We condemn theologically Catholicism, apostate Protestantism and those who do not "see" what we see. So, we have the Sabbath, state of the dead, and second coming theology correct while abandoning other biblical truths. And we chide those groups as biblically unsound. And so they are. None the less, they hold many truths, even Rome. Who teaches the Trinity, law of God, vicarious atonement and many other biblical concepts, not the least of which is the binding claims of the marriage vows. "Present Truth" for the SDA church is not the Sabbath, state of the dead, nor second coming issues.
Present Truth for Adventism is Celebration worship styles, dress, jewelry, music and women elders. We sweep these under the rug as non-salvational issues. Just as other denominations sweep under the rug Adventist issues that they consider non-salvational at best, and legalism at worst.
Adventist duplicity is showing. Or, as some may ask, "Who made SDA's the 'jello sheriff' (Bill Cosby phrase) of theology and what is important and what is not?" It's a valid question. And in light of our own duplicity, who will really take seriously our "claim to fame" as having a last day message to prepare people for the second coming?
Even the Catholic church knows women elders is not biblical. As well as more than a few other Christians in the various denominations.
"Triumphalism" comes with "unconditional election" and is not very impressive to any spiritual minded individual. The church must eventually fail before it can succeed. Jesus did not choose "professional" religious teachers to prepare for His mission. It is not likely He will today either.
Keep the faith,
Bill Sorensen
Re: A Neoapocalyptic Adventist Faith